Semantics API Reference

Generated from the /// XML doc comments in src/Ashes.Semantics/. See the Compilation Pipeline for how this project fits into the compiler. This page is regenerated by tools/docs-api-gen on every docs build — edit the doc comments in the source, not this file.

Types

Type	Kind	Summary	Source
AshesProject	record	A loaded ashes.json project: its entry point, source roots, output settings, and resolved dependencies.	source
BuiltinRegistry	class	Static catalogue of the language's built-in modules, intrinsic value members, and built-in types.	source
BuiltinRegistry.BuiltinConstructor	record	A data constructor of a built-in ADT, mirroring a user-declared ConstructorSymbol.	source
BuiltinRegistry.BuiltinModule	record	A built-in module: either a pure intrinsic module whose members are compiler primitives, or a stdlib module backed by embedded Ashes source, or a hybrid of both.	source
BuiltinRegistry.BuiltinModuleMember	record	A single intrinsic member exported by a built-in module.	source
BuiltinRegistry.BuiltinType	record	A built-in type such as List, Maybe, or a resource type, exposed to binding as if user-declared.	source
BuiltinRegistry.BuiltinValueKind	enum	Identifies a specific compiler intrinsic reachable as a built-in module member.	source
CapabilityOperationSymbol	record	One operation of a declared capability.	source
CapabilitySymbol	record	A declared capability: a named set of operations, optionally parameterized.	source
CombinedCompilationLayout	record struct	The combined single-source view stitched together from all plan modules, together with the offset maps needed to translate diagnostics on the combined text back to their originating files.	source
ConstructorSymbol	record	A resolved data constructor of an algebraic data type.	source
CoroutineInfo	record	Metadata for a coroutine function generated from an async block.	source
FfiType	record	Type of a value crossing the FFI boundary, describing how it is marshalled to and from C.	source
FfiType.Bool	record	A boolean value.	source
FfiType.Float	record	A 64-bit (double-precision) floating-point value.	source
FfiType.Float32	record	A 32-bit (single-precision) floating-point value.	source
FfiType.Int	record	A signed 64-bit integer.	source
FfiType.Opaque	record	An opaque handle type identified by Name, passed through unmodified.	source
FfiType.Ptr	record	A pointer to Pointee.	source
FfiType.Str	record	A string, marshalled as a NUL-terminated C string.	source
FfiType.UInt	record	An unsigned integer of width Bits.	source
FfiType.Void	record	No value (a void return).	source
ImportSelector	record struct	A selector import (import M.name / import M.Type, optionally as alias) that brings a single exported binding or type into the importing module's scope unqualified .	source
IrCompileTimeEval	class	Aggressive compile-time evaluation (partial evaluation) of pure IR.	source
IrExternalFunction	record	A declared external (FFI) function: the Ashes-visible Name bound to the native symbol SymbolName with the given FFI signature.	source
IrFunction	record	A lowered function: its label, its linear instruction stream, and the frame sizing and debug metadata the backend needs to emit it.	source
IrInst	record	Base of the linear intermediate representation.	source
IrInst.AddFloat	record	Floating-point addition Target = Left + Right.	source
IrInst.AddInt	record	Integer addition Target = Left + Right, or a provisional + whose operand type was still unresolved (see DeferredType).	source
IrInst.Alloc	record	Allocates a fixed-size buffer of SizeBytes and yields its pointer.	source
IrInst.AllocAdt	record	Allocates a tagged ADT heap cell (layout per HeapLayouts.Adt) and yields its pointer.	source
IrInst.AllocAdtStack	record	Stack-allocated form of AllocAdt for a non-escaping ADT cell.	source
IrInst.AllocAdtToSpace	record	Like AllocAdt but allocates in the persistent "to-space" arena instead of the main per-iteration arena.	source
IrInst.AllocReusing	record	In-place reuse: yields the cell at TokenTemp's address as Target, instead of allocating.	source
IrInst.AllocStack	record	Stack-allocates a fixed-size buffer of SizeBytes and yields its pointer.	source
IrInst.AndInt	record	Bitwise AND Target = Left & Right.	source
IrInst.AsyncAll	record	Runs all tasks in a list to completion and collects results into a list.	source
IrInst.AsyncRace	record	Runs the first task in a list to completion and returns its result.	source
IrInst.AsyncSleep	record	Creates a sleep task that completes after the given number of milliseconds.	source
IrInst.AwaitTask	record	Awaits a Task value inside a coroutine.	source
IrInst.BigIntBinary	record	Binary BigInt arithmetic selected by Op.	source
IrInst.BigIntCompare	record	Three-way BigInt comparison yielding a negative, zero, or positive Int.	source
IrInst.BigIntFromInt	record	Widens an Int to a BigInt.	source
IrInst.BigIntFromString	record	Parses a Str into Result(Str, BigInt).	source
IrInst.BigIntToInt	record	Narrows a BigInt to Result(Str, Int), erroring when it does not fit an Int.	source
IrInst.BigIntToString	record	Renders a BigInt to its decimal Str.	source
IrInst.Borrow	record	Borrow instruction for compiler-inferred borrowing.	source
IrInst.BytesAppend	record	Concatenates two byte buffers into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesAppendByte	record	Appends a single byte to a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesCompare	record	Three-way lexicographic comparison of two byte buffers into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesEmpty	record	Yields the empty byte buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesFromList	record	Builds a byte buffer from a list of byte values into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesGet	record	Reads the byte at IndexTemp from a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesGetU16Le	record	Reads a little-endian 16-bit value at OffsetTemp from a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesGetU32Le	record	Reads a little-endian 32-bit value at OffsetTemp from a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesGetU64Le	record	Reads a little-endian 64-bit value at OffsetTemp from a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesHash	record	Yields a hash of a byte buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesIndexOf	record	Finds the first occurrence of a needle in a buffer at or after FromTemp, yielding the index (or a sentinel) into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesLength	record	Yields the length of a byte buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesScanHash	record	Scans for a needle in a buffer using a rolling hash from FromTemp, yielding the match index into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesSingleton	record	Builds a one-byte buffer from ByteTemp into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesSubText	record	Extracts a copied sub-range of a buffer as an owned value into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesSubView	record	Produces a non-copying view over a sub-range of a buffer into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesU16Le	record	Encodes a value as two little-endian bytes into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesU32Le	record	Encodes a value as four little-endian bytes into Target.	source
IrInst.BytesU64Le	record	Encodes a value as eight little-endian bytes into Target.	source
IrInst.CallClosure	record	Invokes the closure in ClosureTemp with a single argument through its stored code pointer and environment.	source
IrInst.CallExternal	record	Calls an external (FFI) function, marshalling arguments and the result per the declared FfiType signature.	source
IrInst.CallKnown	record	Devirtualized closure call: the callee label is statically known, so codegen emits a direct call the LLVM inliner can see through.	source
IrInst.CallLibm	record	Calls an openlibm transcendental symbol (e.g.	source
IrInst.CleanupResource	record	Deterministic cleanup of a resource value.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatEq	record	Floating-point equality Target = Left == Right.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatGe	record	Floating-point "greater than or equal" comparison Target = Left >= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatGt	record	Floating-point "greater than" comparison Target = Left > Right.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatLe	record	Floating-point "less than or equal" comparison Target = Left <= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatLt	record	Floating-point "less than" comparison Target = Left < Right.	source
IrInst.CmpFloatNe	record	Floating-point inequality Target = Left != Right.	source
IrInst.CmpIntEq	record	Integer equality Target = Left == Right, or a provisional == whose operand type was still unresolved (see DeferredType).	source
IrInst.CmpIntGe	record	Signed integer "greater than or equal" comparison Target = Left >= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpIntGt	record	Signed integer "greater than" comparison Target = Left > Right.	source
IrInst.CmpIntLe	record	Signed integer "less than or equal" comparison Target = Left <= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpIntLt	record	Signed integer "less than" comparison Target = Left < Right.	source
IrInst.CmpIntNe	record	Integer inequality Target = Left != Right, or a provisional != whose operand type was still unresolved (see DeferredType).	source
IrInst.CmpStrEq	record	String equality Target = Left == Right (byte-wise).	source
IrInst.CmpStrNe	record	String inequality Target = Left != Right (byte-wise).	source
IrInst.CmpUIntGe	record	Unsigned integer "greater than or equal" comparison Target = Left >= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpUIntGt	record	Unsigned integer "greater than" comparison Target = Left > Right.	source
IrInst.CmpUIntLe	record	Unsigned integer "less than or equal" comparison Target = Left <= Right.	source
IrInst.CmpUIntLt	record	Unsigned integer "less than" comparison Target = Left < Right.	source
IrInst.ConcatStr	record	String concatenation Target = Left ++ Right, allocating a fresh buffer.	source
IrInst.ConcatStrTip	record	Affine-accumulator string append: semantically identical to ConcatStr, but the accumulator grows inside a loop-held reservation (start/end slots) instead of being copied per append, keeping total copy work linear.	source
IrInst.ConsoleEnableRaw	record	Puts the terminal into raw mode, yielding a status/handle into Target.	source
IrInst.ConsolePoll	record	Polls for terminal input up to TimeoutTemp milliseconds, yielding the available input into Target.	source
IrInst.ConsoleRestore	record	Restores the terminal from raw mode, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.CopyFixedInto	record	In-place value-cell reuse: memcpys SizeBytes from SrcTemp into the already-persistent, same-size cell at DestTemp on the reuse/update path, keeping the value blob bounded.	source
IrInst.CopyFixedIntoOrFresh	record	Fixed-size in-place-or-fresh value-cell reuse on the reuse/update path — the region-guarded form of CopyFixedInto.	source
IrInst.CopyOutArena	record	Copies a heap object out of the arena to a fresh allocation, emitted AFTER RestoreArenaState but BEFORE ReclaimArenaChunks.	source
IrInst.CopyOutArenaToSpace	record	Like CopyOutArena but the fresh copy is allocated in the persistent to-space (see AllocAdtToSpace) instead of the main arena.	source
IrInst.CopyOutClosure	record	Copies a closure ({code, env, packed env size, dropper}) and its environment out of the arena to a fresh allocation.	source
IrInst.CopyOutList	record	Deep-copies an entire cons-cell chain out of the arena to fresh allocations.	source
IrInst.CopyOutPurpose	enum	Classifies every remaining copy-out so RC graph normalization cannot be confused with an arena lifetime fallback.	source
IrInst.CopyOutTcoListCell	record	TCO-specific: copies a single cons cell (16 bytes) out of the arena and also copies the head value according to HeadCopy.	source
IrInst.CopyStringIntoOrFresh	record	Variable-size in-place-or-fresh string/bytes value-cell reuse on the reuse/update path.	source
IrInst.CreateCompletedTask	record	Creates an already-completed Task value.	source
IrInst.CreateForkWorkersTask	record	Creates a leaf task that forks (CountTemp - 1) child processes for the fork-based multi-reactor (serveParallel), so CountTemp processes total each run their own reactor.	source
IrInst.CreateHttpGetTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for HTTP GET.	source
IrInst.CreateHttpPostTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for HTTP POST.	source
IrInst.CreateTask	record	Creates a Task value by allocating a task/state struct and storing the coroutine function pointer and captured environment.	source
IrInst.CreateTcpAcceptTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP accept (accept one connection from a listener).	source
IrInst.CreateTcpCloseTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP close.	source
IrInst.CreateTcpConnectTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP connect.	source
IrInst.CreateTcpListenTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP listen (bind + listen on a local port).	source
IrInst.CreateTcpReceiveTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP receive.	source
IrInst.CreateTcpSendTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for TCP send.	source
IrInst.CreateTlsCloseTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for closing a TLS session (close-notify flush + connection free).	source
IrInst.CreateTlsConnectTask	record	Creates a staged networking task for TLS connect (TCP connect + TLS handshake).	source
IrInst.CreateTlsHandshakeTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for a TLS handshake on top of an existing TCP socket.	source
IrInst.CreateTlsReceiveTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for receiving text over a TLS session.	source
IrInst.CreateTlsSendTask	record	Creates a leaf networking task for sending text over a TLS session.	source
IrInst.CreateTlsServerHandshakeTask	record	Creates a leaf task that runs the SERVER half of a TLS handshake over an accepted TCP socket.	source
IrInst.DivFloat	record	Floating-point division Target = Left / Right.	source
IrInst.DivInt	record	Signed integer division Target = Left / Right.	source
IrInst.DivUInt	record	Unsigned integer division Target = Left / Right.	source
IrInst.DropReuse	record	Converts a dead ADT cell into an explicit reuse token.	source
IrInst.FileClose	record	Closes an open file handle, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.FileExists	record	Tests whether a file exists, yielding a boolean into Target.	source
IrInst.FileMmap	record	Memory-maps a file, yielding a bytes view into Target.	source
IrInst.FileOpen	record	Opens a file, yielding a file handle into Target.	source
IrInst.FileReadAllBytes	record	Reads a whole file as raw bytes into Target.	source
IrInst.FileReadChunk	record	Reads up to CountTemp bytes from an open file handle into Target.	source
IrInst.FileReadLine	record	Reads one line from an open file handle into Target.	source
IrInst.FileReadText	record	Reads a whole file as text into Target.	source
IrInst.FileWriteBytes	record	Writes a byte buffer to a file, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.FileWriteText	record	Writes text to a file, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.FloatToInt	record	Converts a float to an integer, truncating toward zero (fptosi).	source
IrInst.FloatUnaryIntrinsic	record	Applies a unary LLVM math intrinsic to a float operand.	source
IrInst.GetAdtField	record	Reads field FieldIndex of the ADT cell at Ptr into Target.	source
IrInst.GetAdtTag	record	Reads the constructor tag from the ADT cell at Ptr into Target.	source
IrInst.HttpGet	record	Performs a blocking HTTP GET, yielding the response into Target.	source
IrInst.HttpPost	record	Performs a blocking HTTP POST, yielding the response into Target.	source
IrInst.IntToFloat	record	Converts an integer to a float (sitofp).	source
IrInst.Jump	record	Unconditionally branches to the Label named Target.	source
IrInst.JumpIfFalse	record	Branches to Target when the boolean in CondTemp is false, otherwise falls through.	source
IrInst.Label	record	Defines a branch target named Name in the instruction stream.	source
IrInst.ListHeadCopyKind	enum	Describes how head values are handled during deep list copy-out.	source
IrInst.LoadArgumentOwnership	record	Loads the hidden closure-call ownership flag.	source
IrInst.LoadCapabilityHandler	record	Loads the current handler frame pointer for the capability with compile-time index CapabilityIndex from its module global (dynamically-scoped handler evidence).	source
IrInst.LoadConstBool	record	Materializes the boolean literal Value into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadConstFloat	record	Materializes the float literal Value into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadConstInt	record	Materializes the integer literal Value into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadConstStr	record	Loads a pointer to the interned string literal named StrLabel into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadEnv	record	Reads the captured environment entry at Index (via the function's implicit environment pointer) into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadFuncAddr	record	Loads the address of a lifted function as an i64.	source
IrInst.LoadLocal	record	Reads the local variable in Slot into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadMemOffset	record	Loads from memory at [BasePtr + OffsetBytes] into Target.	source
IrInst.LoadParallelWorkerOverride	record	Loads the current dynamically-scoped worker override (the runtime global set by Ashes.Task.Parallel.withWorkers); 0 means "unset — use the compiled max".	source
IrInst.LoadProgramArgs	record	Loads the program's command-line arguments (as a list of strings) into Target.	source
IrInst.MakeClosure	record	Heap-allocates a closure object {code, env, packed env_size/result ownership, dropper} over the lifted function FuncLabel.	source
IrInst.MakeClosureStack	record	Stack-allocated form of MakeClosure, used for a non-escaping closure whose lifetime is bounded by the current frame.	source
IrInst.MonotonicMillis	record	Reads a monotonic clock value in milliseconds into Target.	source
IrInst.MulFloat	record	Floating-point multiplication Target = Left * Right.	source
IrInst.MulInt	record	Integer multiplication Target = Left * Right, or a provisional * whose operand type was still unresolved (see DeferredType).	source
IrInst.NetTcpAccept	record	Accepts one connection from a listener socket, yielding the accepted socket into Target.	source
IrInst.NetTcpClose	record	Closes a TCP socket, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.NetTcpConnect	record	Opens a blocking TCP connection, yielding a socket into Target.	source
IrInst.NetTcpListen	record	Binds and listens on a local port, yielding a listener socket into Target.	source
IrInst.NetTcpReceive	record	Receives up to MaxBytesTemp bytes from a TCP socket into Target.	source
IrInst.NetTcpSend	record	Sends text over a TCP socket, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.OrInt	record	Bitwise OR Target = Left | Right.	source
IrInst.PanicStr	record	Aborts execution with the message string in Source (an uncatchable panic).	source
IrInst.ParallelCleanup	record	Releases the worker resources (stack, TCB, and arena chunks) for a finished ParallelFork; a no-op for the inline (un-spawned) case.	source
IrInst.ParallelFork	record	Structured parallelism (Ashes.Task.Parallel.both).	source
IrInst.ParallelJoin	record	Waits for the worker spawned by the matching ParallelFork to finish and yields its raw result pointer (in the worker's arena).	source
IrInst.ParallelQueueAwait	record	Waits until the merge tree's root result has been published and yields its raw pointer (in some worker's arena, possibly referencing several).	source
IrInst.ParallelQueueCleanup	record	Waits for every spawned queue worker to fully exit, then frees the workers' stacks, TCBs, and arena chunks plus the queue region itself.	source
IrInst.ParallelQueueStart	record	Work-conserving parallel reduce (queued lowering of Ashes.Task.Parallel.reduce).	source
IrInst.PrintBool	record	Writes the boolean in Source to standard output, followed by a newline.	source
IrInst.PrintInt	record	Writes the integer in Source to standard output, followed by a newline.	source
IrInst.PrintStr	record	Writes the string in Source to standard output, followed by a newline.	source
IrInst.ProcessKill	record	Kills a child process, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.ProcessReadStderrLine	record	Reads one line from a child process's standard error into Target.	source
IrInst.ProcessReadStdoutLine	record	Reads one line from a child process's standard output into Target.	source
IrInst.ProcessWaitForExit	record	Waits for a child process to exit, yielding its exit code into Target.	source
IrInst.ProcessWriteStdin	record	Writes text to a child process's standard input, yielding a status into Target.	source
IrInst.RcDrop	record	Perceus lifetime marker for an ordinary owned heap value whose ownership dies here.	source
IrInst.RcDup	record	Perceus lifetime marker for splitting ownership of an ordinary heap value.	source
IrInst.RcIsUnique	record	Tests whether a runtime-managed value has exactly one owning reference.	source
IrInst.ReadExact	record	Reads exactly CountTemp bytes from standard input into Target.	source
IrInst.ReadLine	record	Reads one line from standard input into Target.	source
IrInst.ReclaimArenaChunks	record	Frees OS chunks that were allocated between the saved watermark and the pre-restore heap state.	source
IrInst.RegexCaptures	record	Finds the first match and returns its capture groups as Option(List(Option(Str))).	source
IrInst.RegexCompile	record	Compiles a PCRE2 pattern, yielding a stable pcre2_code* handle (0 on error).	source
IrInst.RegexCompileError	record	Compiles a PCRE2 pattern for validation only, yielding the empty string when valid or the diagnostic message otherwise.	source
IrInst.RegexFind	record	Finds the first match of a compiled pattern at or after Start, yielding Option((Int, Int)) (match start/end offsets).	source
IrInst.RegexSubstitute	record	Substitutes all matches of a compiled pattern in the subject, yielding the resulting Str.	source
IrInst.RequestServerStop	record	Requests graceful whole-server shutdown (Stop.stop): rides the signal path on Linux (worker signals the parent, which forwards); sets the shutdown flag on Windows.	source
IrInst.RestoreArenaState	record	Restores the heap allocator state (cursor and end pointers) from two local slots previously saved by SaveArenaState.	source
IrInst.RestoreStackPointer	record	Resets the stack pointer to the value previously saved by SaveStackPointer into Slot.	source
IrInst.Resume	record	State machine resume point: restores live variables from the state struct and loads the result from the awaited sub-task.	source
IrInst.Return	record	Returns from the current function with the value in Source.	source
IrInst.RunTask	record	Synchronously runs a task to completion, returning the result value.	source
IrInst.SaveArenaState	record	Saves the current heap allocator state (cursor and end pointers) into two local slots.	source
IrInst.SaveStackPointer	record	Saves the current stack pointer into a local slot at a TCO loop header, paired with RestoreStackPointer at each back-edge to free per-iteration stack scratch.	source
IrInst.SetAdtField	record	Writes Source into field FieldIndex of the ADT cell at Ptr (offset via HeapLayouts.Adt.PayloadWordOffsetBytes).	source
IrInst.SetDrainTimeout	record	Sets the graceful-shutdown drain bound (ms) for this process; yields unit.	source
IrInst.ShlInt	record	Logical left shift Target = Left << Right.	source
IrInst.ShrInt	record	Logical right shift Target = Left >> Right.	source
IrInst.SpawnProcess	record	Spawns a child process, yielding a process handle into Target.	source
IrInst.SpawnTask	record	Detaches a task for fire-and-forget cooperative execution (Ashes.Task.spawn).	source
IrInst.StoreCapabilityHandler	record	Stores a handler frame pointer into the capability's module global.	source
IrInst.StoreLocal	record	Writes the value in Source into local variable Slot.	source
IrInst.StoreMemOffset	record	Stores Source to memory at [BasePtr + OffsetBytes].	source
IrInst.StoreParallelWorkerOverride	record	Stores a value into the worker-override global (0 clears it).	source
IrInst.SubFloat	record	Floating-point subtraction Target = Left - Right.	source
IrInst.SubInt	record	Integer subtraction Target = Left - Right.	source
IrInst.Suspend	record	State machine suspend point: saves live variables to the state struct, stores the awaited sub-task, sets the next state index, and returns SUSPENDED.	source
IrInst.SwitchTag	record	Multi-way dispatch on an ADT tag value (decision-tree pattern matching).	source
IrInst.TcoResetPending	record	Placeholder for a TCO back-edge arena block whose copy-out decision could not be made at emission time (an operand type was still an unresolved inference variable).	source
IrInst.TextAsciiCase	record	Maps ASCII letter case (upper/lower) across a string, leaving multibyte UTF-8 untouched.	source
IrInst.TextByteLength	record	Yields the byte length of the string in TextTemp into Target.	source
IrInst.TextFormatFloat	record	Renders a float to a string with a fixed number of decimals into Target.	source
IrInst.TextFromFloat	record	Renders a float to its default string form into Target.	source
IrInst.TextFromInt	record	Renders an integer to its decimal string into Target.	source
IrInst.TextParseFloat	record	Parses a string as a float, yielding a result option into Target.	source
IrInst.TextParseInt	record	Parses a string as an integer, yielding a result option into Target.	source
IrInst.TextToHex	record	Renders an integer to its hexadecimal string into Target.	source
IrInst.TextUncons	record	Splits a string into its first character and remainder, yielding an option into Target.	source
IrInst.ToCString	record	Converts an Ashes string to a NUL-terminated C string pointer for FFI, into Target.	source
IrInst.WriteStr	record	Writes the string in Source to standard output with no trailing newline.	source
IrInst.XorInt	record	Bitwise XOR Target = Left ^ Right.	source
IrOptimizer	class	IR-level optimization pass pipeline.	source
IrProgram	record	The whole lowered program handed to the backend: the entry function, every other function, interned string literals, external declarations, and feature flags telling codegen which runtime facilities to link.	source
IrStringLiteral	record	An interned string constant: Value addressed by Label and loaded via LoadConstStr.	source
Lowering	class	Lowers the parsed AST to typed IR: binding and scope resolution, Hindley-Milner type inference, and the ownership and borrowing analysis that drives deterministic destruction.	source
Lowering.HoverTypeInfo	record struct	The inferred type of a source span, recorded during lowering so the language server can answer hover and type-at-position queries.	source
ParsedImportHeader	record struct	The result of splitting a module's import header from its body: ParseImportHeader returns the imported names, the body source with the header removed, and the alias and selector import tables.	source
ProjectCompilationPlan	record	A fully resolved build plan: the modules to compile in dependency order, the designated entry module, and the merged import surface.	source
ProjectModule	record	One source module participating in a compilation plan, with its imports already parsed out of the source.	source
ProjectSupport	class	Multi-file project support: discovers and loads ashes.json projects, parses import headers, resolves the standard library and inline modules, orders modules by dependency, and stitches them into a single combined compilation unit for the frontend.	source
ProjectSupport.InlineModuleInfo	record	Public view of a lifted inline module for consumers outside this class (kept minimal).	source
ProjectSupport.MappedDiagnostic	record struct	A diagnostic mapped from combined-source coordinates back to a user-visible location: the owning file, and — when the region is position-preserving — a span rebased into the entry file's original text.	source
ResolvedDependency	record	A dependency resolved to concrete source roots on disk, imported under its namespace.	source
SourceLocation	record struct	A source position attached to IR for debug-info (DWARF) emission.	source
StateMachineResult	record	Result of the state machine transform applied to a coroutine's instruction list.	source
StateMachineTransform	class	Transforms a linear list of IR instructions (from an async body) into a state-machine form.	source
TaskStructLayout	class	Fixed header offsets in the task/state struct (each slot is 8 bytes).	source
TypeParameterSymbol	record	A bound generic type parameter of a type or capability declaration.	source
TypeRef	record	Base of the resolved type representation used throughout semantics, lowering, and the backend.	source
TypeRef.TBigInt	record	The arbitrary-precision signed integer type (BigInt).	source
TypeRef.TBool	record	The boolean type (Bool).	source
TypeRef.TBytes	record	The immutable byte-buffer type (Bytes), sharing TStr's heap layout.	source
TypeRef.TCapability	record	One capability instance inside a row: the declared capability plus its type arguments (e.g.	source
TypeRef.TFloat	record	The 64-bit IEEE-754 floating-point type (Float).	source
TypeRef.TFun	record	A function (arrow) type from Arg to Ret, optionally carrying a capability Row.	source
TypeRef.TInt	record	The signed 64-bit integer type (Int).	source
TypeRef.TList	record	An immutable singly-linked list type with element type Element.	source
TypeRef.TNamedType	record	A reference to a user-declared or built-in named type applied to TypeArgs (e.g.	source
TypeRef.TNever	record	The uninhabited bottom type, the result of a diverging or panic expression.	source
TypeRef.TOpaque	record	An opaque externally-defined type identified only by Name, used for FFI handles the compiler treats abstractly.	source
TypeRef.TPtr	record	A raw pointer to Pointee, used at the FFI boundary and in low-level intrinsics.	source
TypeRef.TRow	record	An capability row: a set of capabilities plus a tail.	source
TypeRef.TStr	record	The immutable UTF-8 string type (Str).	source
TypeRef.TTuple	record	A fixed-arity tuple type over Elements.	source
TypeRef.TTypeParam	record	A rigid (universally-quantified) type parameter bound in an enclosing declaration.	source
TypeRef.TUInt	record	An unsigned integer type whose width is Bits.	source
TypeRef.TVar	record	An unresolved unification variable produced during Hindley-Milner inference, identified by Id.	source
TypeScheme	record	A polytype for let-polymorphism: `forall Quantified.	source
TypeSymbol	record	A resolved type declaration: its name, generic parameters, and data constructors.	source
TypeVar	record	A named type variable bound by a TypeScheme quantifier.	source

Lowering

Lowers the parsed AST to typed IR: binding and scope resolution, Hindley-Milner type inference, and the ownership and borrowing analysis that drives deterministic destruction. Implemented across the Lowering.* partial files; this one holds borrow inference for resource arguments.

Member	Signature	Summary
ConstructorSymbols	IReadOnlyDictionary<string, ConstructorSymbol> ConstructorSymbols	The data constructors registered during lowering, keyed by constructor name.
FormatType	string FormatType(TypeRef type)	Renders type in the canonical human-readable form used for hovers and diagnostics.
GetTypeAtPosition	HoverTypeInfo? GetTypeAtPosition(int position)	Returns the narrowest recorded HoverTypeInfo whose span contains position, or null when no recorded type covers that offset. Used by the language server for hover and type-at-cursor.
LastLoweredType	TypeRef? LastLoweredType	The inferred type of the most recently lowered expression, exposed for tooling queries.
Lower	IrProgram Lower(Program program)	Lowers a complete parsed Program (its declarations and trailing expression) into the typed IR, running binding, Hindley-Milner inference, and ownership analysis. This is the primary entry point for compiling a source unit.
Lower	IrProgram Lower(Expr expr)	Lowers a bare trailing expression (a program with no top-level declarations) into the typed IR, the single-expression counterpart to Lower.
PublicApiCapabilities	IReadOnlyList<string> PublicApiCapabilities()	The capability names appearing in the types of the package's exported (top-level) bindings after lowering — the static, inference-based capability audit surface. Call after Lower. Reads the inferred types, not the bodies, so a capability discharged by an in-body handler is correctly absent; it is over-approximation-safe in the other direction (a capability anywhere in an exported binding's resolved type is reported), which is the safe bias for a supply-chain audit.
ResolveTypeName	TypeRef ResolveTypeName(string name, IReadOnlyList<TypeRef>? typeArgs = null)	Resolves a written type name and optional type arguments to a TypeRef, handling built-in primitives, declared and built-in named types, and type parameters. Reports a diagnostic and yields TNever on arity mismatch or an unknown name.
ResolvedTypes	IReadOnlyDictionary<string, TNamedType> ResolvedTypes	The resolved named types encountered during lowering, keyed by type name.
SetSourceContext	void SetSourceContext(string filePath, string sourceText)	Sets source context for debug info tagging. Call before Lower() so that emitted IR instructions carry source locations.
SetSourceContext	void SetSourceContext(CombinedCompilationLayout layout)	Sets multi-file source context using a CombinedCompilationLayout so that emitted IR instructions carry per-file source locations.
TypeSymbols	IReadOnlyDictionary<string, TypeSymbol> TypeSymbols	The type declarations registered during lowering, keyed by type name.

ProjectSupport

Multi-file project support: discovers and loads ashes.json projects, parses import headers, resolves the standard library and inline modules, orders modules by dependency, and stitches them into a single combined compilation unit for the frontend.

Member	Signature	Summary
BuildCompilationLayout	CombinedCompilationLayout BuildCompilationLayout(ProjectCompilationPlan plan, string? entrySourceOverride = null)	Stitches every module of plan into one combined compilation unit, lifting any inline modules in the entry source, and returns the source together with the offset maps that translate diagnostics back to their originating files. entrySourceOverride substitutes replacement text for the entry module when provided (e.g. for the language server).
BuildCompilationPlan	ProjectCompilationPlan BuildCompilationPlan(AshesProject project)	Resolves all modules reachable from project's entry file, validates their imports, orders them so dependencies precede dependents, and returns the ProjectCompilationPlan the combined-source builders consume.
BuildCompilationSource	string BuildCompilationSource(ProjectCompilationPlan plan)	Convenience wrapper over BuildCompilationLayout that returns only the stitched combined source text for plan.
BuildStandaloneCompilationLayout	CombinedCompilationLayout BuildStandaloneCompilationLayout(string sourceWithoutImports, IReadOnlyList<string> importNames, string entryFilePath = "<memory>", IReadOnlyList<ImportSelector>? selectors = null)	Builds a combined compilation layout for a single standalone file (no ashes.json), pulling in only the standard-library modules named by importNames. sourceWithoutImports is the file body with its import header already removed, entryFilePath labels it in diagnostics, and selectors carries any selector imports to apply.
CachePathFor	string CachePathFor(string ns, string version, string hash)	The cache directory for a specific package version: cache/pkg/<ns>/<version>/<hashkey>.
ContainsInlineModule	bool ContainsInlineModule(string source)	Whether a source contains an inline module Name = ... declaration header.
DiscoverProjectFile	string? DiscoverProjectFile(string startDirectory)	Walks upward from startDirectory looking for an ashes.json file, returning its path when found or null when no project file exists in any ancestor directory.
ExpandInlineModules	(string OuterSource, IReadOnlyList<InlineModuleInfo> InlineModules) ExpandInlineModules(string source, string scopeModuleName, string displayPath)	Lifts inline module Name = ... blocks out of an (imports-stripped) module source. The enclosing source is returned with each block removed and every bare inline qualifier rewritten to its file-composed path; each block is returned as an InlineModule with the same rewrites applied recursively for nesting. scopeModuleName is the composed path of the scope being expanded (the file module name at the top level).
ImportModulePattern	string ImportModulePattern	Regex matching a single import line: a dotted module path, an optional selector leaf, and an optional as alias. Exposed so other phases match import syntax identically.
IsStdModule	bool IsStdModule(string moduleName)	Returns true when moduleName names a standard-library module.
KnownStandardLibraryModules	IReadOnlyCollection<string> KnownStandardLibraryModules	The names of every standard-library module recognized when resolving imports.
LoadProject	AshesProject LoadProject(string projectPath)	Parses the ashes.json at projectPath into an AshesProject, resolving its entry file, source roots, and output settings. Throws when the file is missing or not a valid project object.
MapDiagnosticsToOriginal	IReadOnlyList<MappedDiagnostic> MapDiagnosticsToOriginal(CombinedCompilationLayout layout, IReadOnlyList<DiagnosticEntry> entries, string entryFilePath, string entryOriginalSource, string entryStrippedSource)	Maps diagnostic spans from combined-source offsets (what compilation ran on) back to the entry file's original text, so errors render at the coordinates the user sees. The entry region of the combined source is line/column-preserving with respect to the original file (imports and hoisted declarations are blanked keeping newlines; alias preludes overwrite blank lines), so entry-region spans map by line/column rather than byte offset. Hoisted entry declarations map exactly via EntryTypeDeclFragments. Spans inside a stitched (reconstructed) module region cannot be positioned — they are attributed to the owning file with HasPosition = false.
PackageCacheRoot	string PackageCacheRoot()	Root of the shared content-addressed package cache ($XDG_CACHE_HOME/ashes, else ~/.cache/ashes). Both the CLI (writing) and the compiler (reading) compute paths the same way.
ParseImportHeader	ParsedImportHeader ParseImportHeader(string source, string displayPath)	Splits source into its leading import header and remaining body, returning the imported module names, alias table, selector imports, and the body with the header removed. displayPath names the file in any diagnostics raised for malformed imports.
PascalCase	string PascalCase(string name)	Map a package name to its default namespace (e.g. json-parser → JsonParser).
SanitizeModuleBindingName	string SanitizeModuleBindingName(string moduleName)	Turns a dotted module name into an identifier-safe binding name by replacing each . with an underscore, so a module can be referenced as a single mangled symbol.
TryInferExportName	string? TryInferExportName(string source)	Infers the single name a module exports by inspecting its trailing expression: a let x = ... in x / let recursive x = ... in x spine or a bare x yields x. Returns null when the source fails to parse or has no single inferable export.

BuiltinRegistry

Static catalogue of the language's built-in modules, intrinsic value members, and built-in types. Binding and lowering consult it to resolve qualified Ashes.* references, decide which module members are compiler intrinsics versus stdlib source, classify types for the memory model (copy / owned / resource), and validate selector imports against built-in modules.

Member	Signature	Summary
IsBuiltinModule	bool IsBuiltinModule(string moduleName)	Returns true when moduleName names one of the compiler's built-in modules.
IsCopyType	bool IsCopyType(TypeRef prunedType)	Returns true if the given type is a copy type (stack-allocated, trivially duplicated). Copy types: Int, Float, Bool. Copy types do NOT get Drop instructions.
IsOwnedType	bool IsOwnedType(TypeRef prunedType)	Returns true if the given type is an owned type (heap-allocated, requires cleanup). Owned types: String, List, Tuple, Function (closures), named types (ADTs incl. resources). Owned types get Drop instructions at scope exit.
IsReservedModuleNamespace	bool IsReservedModuleNamespace(string moduleName)	Returns true when moduleName falls under the reserved Ashes namespace, so user code may not declare a module there.
IsReservedTypeName	bool IsReservedTypeName(string typeName)	Returns true when typeName is reserved by the compiler (the Ashes name, a built-in type, or a built-in primitive), so user code may not redeclare it.
IsResourceTypeName	bool IsResourceTypeName(string typeName)	Returns true if the given type name is classified as a resource type. Resource types require deterministic cleanup (Drop) at scope exit.
ModuleExportsName	bool ModuleExportsName(string moduleName, string name)	Returns true when the named built-in module exports the given name. Returns false for unknown modules and for names the module does not export.
StandardModuleNames	IReadOnlyCollection<string> StandardModuleNames	The fully qualified names of every built-in module the compiler recognizes.
TryGetModule	bool TryGetModule(string moduleName, out BuiltinModule module)	Looks up a built-in module by its fully qualified name, returning true and its descriptor in module when found, false otherwise.
TryGetModuleExports	bool TryGetModuleExports(string moduleName, out IReadOnlySet<string> exportNames)	Surfaces the set of names a built-in module exports (its public value bindings and types), so the import resolver can validate selector imports such as import Ashes.IO.print against built-in modules with the same query it uses for user modules. Returns false when the module is not a known built-in module.
TryGetPrimitiveType	bool TryGetPrimitiveType(string typeName, out TypeRef type)	Resolves a built-in primitive type name (Float or Bytes) to its TypeRef, returning true and the type in type when recognized, false otherwise.
TryGetType	bool TryGetType(string typeName, out BuiltinType type)	Looks up a built-in type by name, returning true and its descriptor in type when found, false otherwise.
Types	IReadOnlyCollection<BuiltinType> Types	Every built-in type descriptor, seeded into scope so binding treats them as declared.